{"id":3079,"date":"2021-04-02T10:17:24","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T09:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/?p=3079"},"modified":"2022-03-23T13:47:20","modified_gmt":"2022-03-23T12:47:20","slug":"making-the-city-together-what-is-it-all-about","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/fr\/making-the-city-together-what-is-it-all-about\/","title":{"rendered":"Making the city together: what is it all about?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3079\" class=\"elementor elementor-3079\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55711589 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55711589\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61393d2f\" data-id=\"61393d2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60b7f69e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60b7f69e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">In the traditional practices of urbanism, the power has always been held by the same actors. The making of the city has long been a closed technical and political discipline reserved to \u201cexperts\u201d only. Excluded from this process, citizens were unable to voice their points of view and visions in an official way.<\/p>\n<p>Participatory practices in urbanism tend to rebalance these power relationships, in order to benefit those whose voice is heard the least. Adding to this, they offer great potential to positively transform the urban environment, together with the different stakeholders. But what are we talking about? <strong>What does it mean, to make the city together? What are the benefits of participatory practices, for the citizens and for the professionals of the city?<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>The benefits of participatory practices in urbanism<\/h3>\n<p>There are many reasons why the making of the city should no longer be the business of the experts only.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First of all, as we have seen <a href=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/fr\/50-shades-of-urbanism\/\">previously<\/a>, <strong>cities are faced with \u201cwicked problems\u201d which require the intelligence of many different stakeholders<\/strong>, beyond the mere urban \u201cexperts\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>Secondly, it is not rare that brand new buildings or neighbourhoods, once they are delivered and used by the inhabitants,<strong> show defects or poor design<\/strong> that could have easily been anticipated with the input of the everyday users;<\/li>\n<li>Thirdly, when the power holders present their urban plan in public meetings, they often must <strong>face the concerns and objections of the citizens<\/strong> \u2013 sometimes with uncomfortable confrontations that end up in legal appeals and extra delays;<\/li>\n<li>Finally, the combination of all of the above and a history of conventional urbanism that systematically excludes the non-professionals of the city has resulted in a strong <strong>lack of trust<\/strong> in the local authorities and urban experts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fff9721 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fff9721\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-only-768x638.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3097\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-only-768x638.png 768w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-only-300x249.png 300w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-only-1024x851.png 1024w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-only-14x12.png 14w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-only-1320x1097.png 1320w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-only.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36525ff elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"36525ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"987\" src=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-768x987.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3084\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-768x987.png 768w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-233x300.png 233w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-797x1024.png 797w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts-9x12.png 9w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wicked-problems-cities-experts.png 970w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-605dee5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"605dee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is a lot to handle! Participatory practices in urbanism provide concrete solutions to these recurring problems and ease the burden of the experts\u2019 responsibilities. Creighton (1994) has listed the following benefits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved quality of decisions<\/li>\n<li>Minimizing cost and delay<\/li>\n<li>Consensus building<\/li>\n<li>Increased ease of implementation<\/li>\n<li>Avoiding worst-case confrontations<\/li>\n<li>Maintaining credibility and legitimacy<\/li>\n<li>Anticipating public concerns and attitudes<\/li>\n<li>Developing civil society<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To this existing list, I would also add the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Developing soft skills, such as empathy, active listening and problem analysis<\/li>\n<li>Generating new, creative ideas and partnerships to enrich the urban project. Integrating different points of view, not through compromise, but by exploring the creative potential of conflicts, leads to innovative urban solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Generating opportunities for public participation is very important in city making. Not only can designers and planners benefit from getting the opinions and experiences of the people who use the urban spaces every day, but the citizens themselves can take a more active role in the modification of their own environment. <\/p>\n<h3>The citizens&#8217; right to making the city<\/h3>\n<p>The rise of such participatory practices in urbanism actually echoes the discussions in academia about \u201cthe right to the city\u201d. In fact, some voices such as Harvey (2008) argue that it is the citizens\u2019 right and responsibility <strong>to collectively transform their environment and reshape urban processes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are many ways to take this right back, mostly through bottom-up initiatives and grassroot activism that try to reclaim public space. It is not such a long time ago that \u201cpublic participation\u201d actually became a legal requirement in France, embedded in conventional urban development programs.<\/p>\n<p>However, allowing people to express their \u201cright to the city\u201d is easier said than done. How to do that? Which role should they take next to the experts? Empowering citizens and enabling them to transform their urban environment in fact requires a whole new mindset and way of working.<\/p>\n<p>Throughout my experience in public participation processes, I have sometimes noticed from the power holders a form of \u201cpraise\u201d for the citizens. In a matter of years, citizens simply went from not being included at all, to being placed on a pedestal. Which basically consists in reversing the pyramid, without really questioning the power relationships that lay behind.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b443736 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b443736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"598\" src=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-1024x598.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3088\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-1024x598.png 1024w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-768x449.png 768w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-1536x897.png 1536w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-16x9.png 16w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-1320x771.png 1320w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens.png 1590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c13410 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c13410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-phone-version-524x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3096\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-phone-version-524x1024.png 524w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-phone-version-154x300.png 154w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-phone-version-768x1500.png 768w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-phone-version-787x1536.png 787w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-phone-version-6x12.png 6w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/which-role-for-the-citizens-phone-version.png 870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d825089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d825089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Giving people back their right to the city is not about that, I believe. It is not about relegating the entire responsibility to the citizens, because the power holders are unwilling or unable to assume it any longer. Rather, it is about giving citizens the right to question the power holders\u2019 role and responsibility in the making of the city.<\/p>\n<p>In a process of genuinely making the city <em>with<\/em> people, and not only <em>for<\/em> them (read: in their place), citizens are neither spectators, nor dictators of the future of places. <strong>They are experts of the urban life, worthy of standing on the same stage as other stakeholders involved in city making.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Because yes, the residents and users of the city have a certain experience and knowledge of the places they inhabit. An experience which is different, and complementary to the one of urban experts and decision makers. Listening to people and understanding their concerns will lead to improved design solutions that really match the needs of the community. People will feel relieved, when they are listened to; and experts will find it much more fulfilling to design an environment that matches the future users\u2019 expectations. Eventually, it will generate more trust between the different stakeholders.<\/p>\n<p>On the following figure, the different stakeholders: residents and users, associations, local entrepreneurs and public institutions, authorities and administrators, urban planners and designers are all integrated in the process as equal partners. It is not only the citizens who must \u201cchange themselves by changing the city\u201d, as stated by Harvey (2008), but also the local authorities and experts who conduct the urban development programs. <strong>In this context, the professionals are no longer in a central role of providing solutions, but rather enablers of change<\/strong>, next to the other actors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fcb763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0fcb763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/collective-intelligence-in-cities-GIF.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3089\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7148bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7148bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Everyone in the group, professionals and non-professionals alike, have a set of skills and stories that go beyond their mere professional title. When combined, these individual strengths and personal experiences become very powerful and can feed a common discussion, a common goal. <strong>The collective then goes much further together than when thinking individually!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Creighton, J. L. (1994). Involving Citizens in Community Decisions Making: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: Program for Community Problem Solving.<\/p>\n<p>Harvey, D. (2008). The Right to the City. New Left Review, October. Issue 53.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71fb438a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71fb438a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fd77e9\" data-id=\"3fd77e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a09066 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a09066\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c429c27\" data-id=\"4c429c27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-541c9afe elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"541c9afe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39423e9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"39423e9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6fc30a2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6fc30a2b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-45df2109\" data-id=\"45df2109\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a05de72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a05de72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/photo-rounded.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2475\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/photo-rounded.png 800w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/photo-rounded-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/photo-rounded-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/photo-rounded-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/photo-rounded-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f996aad\" data-id=\"7f996aad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25209513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25209513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mathilde Riou<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23671878 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23671878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mathilde is an urbanist and facilitator dedicated to change the way we make cities. She created The Urban Mycelium Blog with the aim of revealing the invisible human dynamics that help the city grow better.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a19fb3d\" data-id=\"2a19fb3d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c23ff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8c23ff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t    <div class=\"btn_wrap\">\r\n        <span class=\"share_span\">Share<\/span>\r\n        <div class=\"share_container\">\r\n            <a id=\"smsharing1\" href=\"mailto:email@me.com?Subject=\">\r\n                <i class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\r\n            <\/a>\r\n            <a id=\"smsharing2\" href=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\r\n            <i class=\"fab fa-facebook-f\"><\/i>\r\n            <\/a>\r\n            <a id=\"smsharing3\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=\">\r\n            <i class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i> <\/a>\r\n            <a id=\"smsharing4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&url=\">\r\n            <i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i><\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-554a2ca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"554a2ca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0f3600 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6d0f3600\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the traditional practices of urbanism, the power has always been held by the same actors. The making of the city has long been a closed technical and political discipline reserved to \u201cexperts\u201d only. Excluded from this process, citizens were unable to voice their points of view and visions in an official way. Participatory practices &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/theurbanmycelium.com\/fr\/making-the-city-together-what-is-it-all-about\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Making the city together: what is it all about?<\/span> Lire la suite\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[45,50,47,49,48,46,23],"class_list":["post-3079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-participation-methods","tag-collective-intelligence","tag-human-centered-design","tag-participatory-city-making","tag-participatory-democracy","tag-placemaking","tag-public-participation","tag-urbanism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Making the city together: what is it all about? 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